What is Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

Lymphoma is the most common type of a group of cancers called blood cancers. Blood cancers occur from cells that originate in the bone marrow and are defined by uncontrolled growth of faulty cells. In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), most of the cancerous cells are found in the lymphatic system. Lymphoma originates from developing lymphocytes (B cells and T Cells) which have undergone malignant change. These tumours are created due to uncontrolled growth and multiplication of these lymphocytes, and often result in swelling in the lymph nodes and other parts of the body.

Signs and symptoms

In most cases a parent may notice swollen glands, such as those in the neck, armpits or groin. These are usually painless. They do not respond to antibiotic treatment. Difficulty with breathing, croup, cough or asthma-like symptoms may also be present. Children will often present with symptoms over a period of weeks - months – for example, night sweats, fevers, weight loss and loss of appetite. Occasionally, the bone marrow or the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord (CSF) may be involved.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is made by removing a lymph gland or taking a biopsy from the affected area. Other tests may include blood tests, and x-rays to find out if the NHL has spread to other glands. CT scans, a lumbar puncture and a bone marrow aspirate may also be done

Treatment

Chemotherapy is the most important treatment for children with NHL. For B cell lymphoma treatment lasts around 6 months, involving courses of chemotherapy every 2-3 weeks.

Follow-up care

Follow-up care involves regular clinical examinations. After the first few years the focus of follow up changes to monitoring growth and development and other possible later side effects of treatment.