Description and indication for use
Diazepam is a minor tranquiliser of the
benzodiazepine class. It has sedative,
muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant and amnesic properties. It is a CNS depressant which acts on the
limbic system, thalamus and hypothalamus.
It is used as a sedative for agitated,
restless infants who are ventilated and as an anticonvulsant when indicated.
Dose
IV:
0.1 to 0.3 mg/kg/dose stat. Dose repeated as ordered (can be repeated 4
hourly/PRN).
Reconstitution/Dilution
Ampoule = 10 mg in 2 mL (5 mg/mL).
IV:
Withdraw 0.2 mL of 5 mg/mL solution and add
to 4.8 mL of sodium chloride 0.9% in a 5 mL syringe = 0.2 mg/mL. (Ensure solution is not cloudy – otherwise dilute
further).
Discard excess volume to obtain required
dose or withdraw dose using another syringe.
Route and method of administration
IM:
Not recommended in neonates.
IV:
Give slowly over 5 minutes. Flush line with sodium chloride 0.9% before
and after.
Solution for injection should be FRESHLY
PREPARED.
Side effects
Respiratory depression.
CNS depression, drowsiness.
Hypotension.
Hypo/hyperthermia.
Pain and phlebitis at the injection site.
Special precautions
Caution when also using other anticonvulsants or CNS depressants.
Caution in patients with hepatic and renal impairment.
Contraindications
Shock.
Compatible Solutions
Diazepam is relatively insoluble in almost
all solutions.
Sodium Chloride 0.9% and Glucose 5% may be
used to dilute the 5 mg/mL solution, but it must be at least diluted as above.
Incompatibilities
Administer
alone or contact pharmacy for further information.
Precipitate forms when mixed with almost
all other drugs.
Drug interactions
|
Phenobarbitone
|
Additive CNS and respiratory depression,
may cause apnoea and hypoventilation.
|
|
Digoxin
|
May cause plasma Digoxin levels to
increase.
|
Nursing responsibilities
Observe infant carefully for signs of
respiratory depression.
Cardiorespiratory monitor.
Monitor BP.
Do not administer cloudy solution.