Adenovirus
Description
Adenovirus is a DNA virus with at least 51 distinct serotypes divided into 6 sub-genera, which cause human infections. It is difficult to eliminate from skin and is stable in the environment.
The presence of adenovirus is diagnosed by culture from nasopharyngeal aspirate, eye swab or faeces.
Symptom of adendovirus are:
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most commonly upper respiratory tract infections (symptoms of the common cold).
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gastroenteritis
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conjunctivitis
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pharyngitis
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otitis media.
Epidemiology
The virus is spread by contact with respiratory tract secretions either by person to person contact or via droplets. Objects such as towels, pillowcases, toys and other shared items may transmit the virus.
The conjunctiva can also act as a portal of entry.
The virus is most communicable during the first few days of disease but viral shedding can occur for several months. Incubation period for respiratory tract infections is 2-14 days. Incubation period for gastrointestinal disease is 3-10 days.
At risk groups
The adenovirus can cause disease in infants and children at any age
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gastrointestinal disease generally affects children younger than 4.
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children in group child care are often affected especially those between the ages of six months and two years
Control measures
- strict hand washing
- use of disposable gloves,
- not sharing any items (eg. toys) between patients
- single room during hospital admission (with respiratory infections )
- cohorting of patients with adenovirus infections is acceptable
- for patients with gastrointestinal disease or conjunctivitis contact precautions together with standard precautions are recommended.
- masks are to be worn by the health care workers and carers in close contact with the patient.